The New Scirnce Made You An Universal Blood Donar

Researchers, including one of Indian-origin, have created an
enzyme that could transform all donated blood into a
universal type that can be given to any patient.

University of British Columbia chemists and scientists in the
Centre for Blood Research have created an enzyme that
could potentially solve this problem.

The enzyme works by snipping off the sugars, also known
as antigens, found in Type A and Type B blood, making it
more like Type O. Type O blood is known as the universal
donor and can be given to patients of all blood types.
"We produced a mutant enzyme that is very efficient at
cutting off the sugars in A and B blood, and is much more
proficient at removing the subtypes of the A-antigen that
the parent enzyme struggles with," said David Kwan, the
lead author of the study and a postdoctoral fellow in the
Department of Chemistry.

To create this high-powered enzyme capable of snipping off
sugars, researchers used a new technology called directed
evolution that involves inserting mutations into the gene
that codes for the enzyme, and selecting mutants that are
more effective at cutting the antigens.

In just five generations, the enzyme became 170 times more
effective.

With this enzyme, UBC associate professor Jayachandran
Kizhakkedathu and colleagues were able to remove the wide
majority of the antigens in Type A and B blood.

But before it can be used in clinical settings, the enzyme
used would need to remove all of the antigens.
The immune system is highly sensitive to blood groups and
even small amounts of residual antigens could trigger an
immune response.

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